kolf2 1j lrrk2 r1441h ipscs b skarnes  (Jackson Laboratory)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of donors divided by APOE haplotypes (APOE23 n = 5, APOE33 n = 6, APOE34 n = 7, APOE44 n = 4). (B) Density plot of scRNAseq UMAP per APOE haplotype displaying distribution across identified clusters. (C) Distribution and proportion of cells across different cell states, separated by APOE4-and APOE4+. Each dot represents an individual line. Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (D) Percentage of BHLHE40-/41- microglia in ROSMAP data set, split by APOE haplotypes and diagnoses. Each dot represents an individual donor (CTRL APOE23 n = 13, AD APOE23 n = 6, CTRL APOE33 n = 50, AD APOE33 n = 48, AD APOE44 n = 6). Chi-squared test, mean ± SEM. (E) Compass analysis of metabolic pathways in APOE44 iMG vs APOE33 iMG in G0 phase cells. Select terms shown. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, significance set to padj < 0.05. (F) Enrichment analysis of downregulated genes in APOE44 compared to other haplotypes (Group 1, N=186 genes). (G) Enrichment analysis of upregulated genes in APOE44 compared to other haplotypes (Group 4, N=80 genes). Created using Metascape . (C-D) *p < 0.05; ns, non-significant See also .

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Distribution and proportion of cells across different cell states, separated by APOE genotype. Each dot represents an individual line. Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (B) Proportion of female cells across FDAMic cluster, separated by APOE4- and APOE4+. Each dot represents an individual line. One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (C) Compass analysis of metabolic pathways in APOE44 vs APOE33 lines in G0 phase cells. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, significance set to padj < 0.05 (D) DEGs across APOE haplotypes reveal 4 specific patterns of expression. (E) Expression of genes GM2A, SCARB2 and RPL8 across APOE haplotypes. Each dot represents an individual line. One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (F) Venn diagram of number of DEGs with Likelihood Ratio Test (padj < 0.05) separated by sex and analyzed by APOE haplotype. (G,H) Enrichment analyses of downregulated and upregulated genes in (G) male and (H) female lines across APOE haplotype. Significance set to Wald |Log2FC(APOE44 vs APOE33)| > 0, LRT padj < 0.05. Created using Metascape . (I) Volcano plots of ROSMAP APOE44 microglia vs APOE33 microglia. Down sampled to n = 8 for each group. Likelihood Ratio Test, p-values were corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, significance set to padj < 0.05, |Log2FC cutoff| > 0. (J,K) Enrichment analyses of (J) downregulated and (K) upregulated genes comparing ROSMAP APOE44 microglia vs APOE33 microglia. Significance set to p < 0.05, |Log2FC cutoff| > 0. Created using Metascape . (L) Log2FC changes of genes comparing APOE44 to APOE33 ROSMAP microglia against APOE44 and APOE33 donor iMG. Genes with padj (LRT) < 0.05 for the donor iMG are shown. Log2FCs from Wald analysis are shown for donor iMG. (M-N) Enrichment analyses of (M) downregulated genes in both datasets and (N) upregulated genes in both datasets. Significance set to padj (LRT) < 0.05 for donor iMG. |Log2FC cutoff| > 0 in ROSMAP and donor iMG dataset. Created using Metascape . *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Two Tailed Test, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of APOE33 and APOE44 isogenic iMG. (B) Volcano plot of relative abundance of lipids (n=3 wells each). Significance set to p < 0.05. (C) Relative abundance of cholesterol esters (n=3 wells each). (D) Relative abundance of sum of hexosyl ceramides and lactosyl ceramides (n=3 wells each). (E) BODIPY-493/503 and LysoTracker Red DND-99 colocalization area normalized to Lysotracker area across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. Each dot represents one frame (n = 2 wells x 9 frames per line).(F) Electron microscopy of APOE33 and APOE44 iMG focused on lysosomes. Arrows indicate representative lysosome. (G) Late endosomal and lysosomal acidity measured ratiometrically by dextran polymers labeled with the pH sensor ApHID and Alexa 647 (pH-independent) across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG untreated, treated with organoid debris or with Bafilomycin (0.1 nM) (n=3 wells each, 9 frames per well). (H) DQ-BSA to assess lysosome degradation capacity with or without Bafilomycin (10 nM). Each dot represents mean intensity per puncta (for each group, 3 wells were imaged, 9 frames each). One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (I) Volcano plot visualizing differential protein expression in APOE44 vs APOE33 iMG (n=3 wells each). (J,K) Enrichment analysis of upregulated (J) and downregulated (K) genes in APOE44 compared to APOE33 iMG, significance set to padj < 0.05, |Log2FC cutoff| > 0.5. Created using Metascape . (B-E) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (G, H) One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (I-K) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM, corrected with Benjamini-Hochberg. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001, ns, non-significant See also .

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Labeling, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative images of APOE33 and APOE44 iMG stained for BODIPY-493/503. Scale bar = 20µm. Each dot represents number of puncta per cell (for each group, 3 wells were imaged, 9 frames each). Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (B) BODIPY-493/503, LysoTracker Red DND-99 and colocalization representative image. Scale bar = 50µm. (C) LAMP1, LAMP2, HEXA and HEXB protein levels across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. (D) Top: Venn diagram shows number of identified lysosomal enzymes in our proteomic analysis ( https://www.proteostasisconsortium.com/pn-annotation/ ). Bottom: Venn diagram shows overlap of significantly downregulated and upregulated proteins with identified lysosomal enzymes. (E) SQSTM1 (p62) and MAP1LC3B2 protein levels across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. (F) RPS24, RPS17, SEC24D, VDAC2, and HSPA9 protein levels across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. (C, E, F) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM, corrected with Benjamini-Hochberg (n = 3 wells each). *p < 0.05; ****p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Seahorse XFe96 Mito Stress Test Kit of APOE33 and APOE44 iMG with different drug treatments shown. APOE33 iMG n = 19 wells, APOE44 iMG n = 25 wells. (B) Baseline oxygen consumption rate, ATP linked respiration, and max respiration normalized to confluency of wells, comparing APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. Each dot represents a replicate well. (C) Relative abundance of lactate after tracing with [U- 13 C 16 ] palmitate. (D) Lactate secretion measured in supernatant using kit (ab65330), normalizing to cell count. (E) Labeled citrate after [U- 13 C 6 ] glucose tracing. (F) Labeled citrate, malate, glutamate, and aspartate after [U- 13 C 16 ] palmitate tracing. (G) Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) measured with JC-1 dye comparing APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. On a Glomax plate reader, red was measured at an excitation of 520 nm and green at an excitation of 475 nm. (H) Measurement of superoxides and hydroxyl radicals, normalized to cell count. (I) GSH/GSSG levels of cell lysates measured by kit (MedChem, HY-K0311). (J) Measurement of HNE across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG normalized to protein. (K) Cytokine analysis of CCL2, IL8 and IL6 from media collected from APOE33 and APOE44 iMG, normalized to cell count. (A-D, G-K) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (E-F) Two-way ANOVA, Šídák’s multiple comparisons test, mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 See also .

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Cell Characterization, Labeling, Membrane, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Seahorse Mito Stress Test kit. Proton leak, spare capacity and non-mito oxygen consumption normalized to confluency of wells, comparing APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. Each dot represents a replicate well. (B) Expression of LDHA across different APOE haplotypes in the donor iMG dataset. Each dot represents an individual line. One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (C) Relative abundance of lactate after tracing with [U- 13 C 6 ] glucose. (D) Labeled citrate, malate, glutamate, and aspartate after [U- 13 C 6 ] glucose tracing. Two-way ANOVA, Šídák’s multiple comparisons test, mean ± SEM. (E) TMRE staining and quantification of mean intensity per puncta across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG (n = 3 well x 10 frames per line). Scale bar = 50µm. (F) Total glutathione measured from cell lysates using kit (MedChem, HY-K0311). (G) SOD2, SQOR, and NQO1 protein levels across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM, corrected with Benjamini-Hochberg (n = 3 wells each). (H) Expression of ALOX5AP across different APOE haplotypes in the donor iMG dataset. Each dot represents an individual line. One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (I) Percentage of ALOX5AP+ microglia in the ROSMAP dataset across different APOE haplotypes and diagnoses. Chi-squared test (CTRL APOE23 n = 13, AD APOE23 n = 6, CTRL APOE33 n = 50, AD APOE33 n = 48, AD APOE44 n = 6). (A, C, E-F) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. ns, non-significant

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, Labeling, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Module scores created using DEGs from Haney et al. plotted on our UMAP space . Left represents upregulated genes in lipid high APOE44 iMG, right represents downregulated genes in lipid high APOE44 iMG. (B) Density UMAP of expression of CDKN1A (p21) and CDKN2A (p16). (C) Distribution and proportion of cells in G2/M and G0 phase, separated by APOE4- and APOE4+. Each dot represents an individual line. Mann-Whitney U-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (D) Representative image of p16 staining with DAPI on iMG. Scale bar = 130µm. Arrows point toward examples of nuclei with larger areas. (E) ImageJ analysis of nuclei size measuring area of DAPI from p16- and p16+ iMG. Each dot represents a different cell (p16- n = 10, p16+ n = 10). (F) Schematic of using Vybrant DyeCycle Violet Dye with verapamil to stain live nuclei in APOE44 iMG to collect 2N (G0) and 4N (G2) cells. (G) Using a plate reader, G0 and G2 cells that were collected were stained again with DyeCycle and verapamil 72 hours later. G2 is normalized to G0 in each run and cell count. Each dot represents a replicate well. (H) Relative abundance of cholesterol esters between G0 and G2 cells normalized to G0. (I) p16+ microglia in ROSMAP dataset across different APOE haplotypes and diagnoses. CTRL APOE33 n = 50, AD APOE33 n = 48, AD APOE44 n = 6. (E, G, H) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (I) Chi-squared test, mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. ns, non-significant See also .

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, MANN-WHITNEY, Two Tailed Test, Staining, Cell Characterization

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematic of APOE33 and APOE44 isogenic microglia, with APOE44 treated with LXR agonist GW3965 and controls treated with DMSO. (B) Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) measured with JC-1 dye comparing APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. On a Glomax plate reader, red was measured at an excitation of 520 nm and green at an excitation of 475 nm. (C) Cytokine analysis of CCL2, IL6, and IL8 from supernatant, normalized to cell count. (D) Volcano plot of DEGs comparing APOE44(GW) to APOE44(DMSO). (E, F) Enrichment analyses of (E) upregulated and (F) downregulated genes in APOE44(GW) vs APOE44(DMSO). Top 9 terms are shown. Created using Metascape . (G) Relative abundance of cholesterol esters and triglycerides between APOE44 iMG +DMSO and +GW3965 (n=3 wells each). (H) Mole percent enrichment of citrate, malate, glutamate, and aspartate after culture for 24 hours with [U -13 C 16 ] palmitate. (I) ACACA mRNA expression. (J) Relative abundance of lactate after culture with 100µM BSA conjugated [U- 13 C 16 ] palmitate. (K) Lactate secretion measured by YSI. (L) Mole percent enrichment of citrate after culture for 24 hours with [U- 13 C 6 ] glucose. (B-C) One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (D-F) Wald test, corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, significance set to padj < 0.01 and |Log2FC cutoff| > 1. (G, K) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (H, J, L) One way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, mean ± SEM. (I) Wald test, corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, mean ± SEM.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. ns, non-significant See also .

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Membrane, Cell Characterization, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Principal component analysis of APOE33(DMSO), APOE44(DMSO) and APOE44(GW) iMG bulk RNAseq (n = 2 wells per group). (B) Euclidean distance analysis of bulk RNAseq comparing APOE33(DMSO), APOE44(DMSO) and APOE44(GW) iMG. (C) Volcano plot of bulk RNAseq comparing APOE44(GW) iMG vs APOE33(DMSO) iMG. Wald test, p-values were corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, significance set to padj < 0.01, |Log2FC cutoff| > 1. (D) Volcano plot of bulk RNAseq comparing APOE44(DMSO) iMG vs APOE33(DMSO) iMG. Wald test, p-values were corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, significance set to padj < 0.01, |Log2FC cutoff| > 1. (E) NFKB1 and NFKB2 mRNA expression across groups. Wald test, corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, mean ± SEM. (F) Module scores created using upregulated genes (left) and downregulated genes comparing APOE44(GW) vs APOE44(DMSO) iMG plotted on our UMAP space. Significance set to padj < 0.01, |Log2FC cutoff| > 1. (G) Expression levels of select genes (ABCA1, ABCG1, SREBF1, PLIN2) across different treatment groups. Each dot represents a duplicate. Wald test, corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, mean ± SEM.. *p < 0.05; ****p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: RNA sequencing, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Schematic of transwell setup of induced neurons (iNs) with APOE33 and APOE44 iMG. (B) Violin plot of lipidomics of APOE33 and APOE44 iMG cocultured with iNs or alone. Each dot represents a different lipid species within the iMG lysates. (C) Free cholesterol compared between APOE33 and 44 iMG, cocultured with iNs or alone. (D) Sum of lipid species in different lipid classes compared between iNs cocultured with APOE33 iMG vs with APOE44 iMG. (E) Boxplot of ZScores of lipid species from iNs cocultured with APOE33 iMG and APOE44 iMG. (F) PSD95+/Synapsin+ puncta and (G) Syn+ puncta quantified in iNs cocultured with either APOE33 or APOE44 iMG, normalized to area of Tuj1. Plotted as fold change differences normalized to iN cocultured with APOE33 iMG. (H) APOE ELISA of supernatant from APOE33 and APOE44 iMG (n = 5 wells each). (I) HDL-like particles measured in supernatant and normalized to protein of lysate (n = 4 wells each). (J) APOE ELISA of supernatant from UCI5 APOE33 and UCI5 APOE44 iMG (n = 4 wells each). (K) BODIPY-493/503 quantified as mean number of puncta per cell per frame across UCI5 APOE33 and APOE44 iMG (n = 3 wells x 10 frames per group). (L) MMP measured with JC-1 dye comparing UCI5 APOE33 and UCI5 APOE44 iMG (n = 4 wells each). On a Glomax plate reader, red was measured at an excitation of 520 nm and green at an excitation of 475 nm. (M) Late endosomal and lysosomal acidity measured ratiometrically by dextran polymers labeled with the pH sensor ApHID and Alexa 647 (pH-independent) across UCI5 APOE33 and APOE44 iMG untreated and treated with organoid debris (n=3 wells each, 25 frames per well). (N) APOE ELISA of supernatant from 8 donor lines, 4 APOE33 lines and 4 APOE44 lines (n = 4 wells each). (O) MMP measured with JC-1 dye comparing 6 donor lines, 3 APOE33 lines and 3 APOE44 lines (n = 4 wells each). On a Glomax plate reader, red was measured at an excitation of 520 nm and green at an excitation of 475 nm. (D-G, I-M) Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (C, H) One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (N, O) Nested t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 See also .

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Labeling, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impaired lipoprotein secretion by APOE4 leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in human microglia

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.12.724612

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Sum of lipid species separated by class, plotted across APOE33 and APOE44 iMG cocultured with iNs or alone (n = 3 wells each). (B) Staining of Iba1 and Tuj1 (left); Tuj1, PSD95 and Synapsin (middle) and segmentation (right) in APOE33 iMG + iN8011 (top) and APOE44 iMG + iN8011 (bottom). Scale bar = 50µm. (C) APOE ELISA of cell lysates from KOLF APOE33(DMSO), APOE44(DMSO) and APOE44(GW) normalized to total cell lysate protein (n = 5 wells each). (D) APOE mRNA levels across KOLF APOE33(DMSO), APOE44(DMSO) and APOE44(GW) (n = 2 wells each). Wald test, corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing, mean ± SEM. (E) APOE ELISA of cell lysates from UCI5 APOE33 and APOE44 iMG normalized to total cell lysate protein (n = 4 wells each). Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM. (F-G) Enrichment analyses of (F) upregulated and (G) downregulated proteins in UCI5 APOE44 vs APOE33 iMG proteomic dataset (n = 3 wells each). Created using Metascape . Unpaired t-test, two-tailed, mean ± SEM, corrected with Benjamini-Hochberg. Significance set to padj < 0.05, |Log2FC cutoff| > 0.5. (H) Gene expression Log2FC for APOE44 vs APOE33 in KOLF iMG compared with corresponding changes in UCI5 iMG. Functional enrichment of overlapping genes. (I) Protein expression Log2FC for APOE44 vs APOE33 in KOLF iMG compared with corresponding changes in UCI5 iMG. Functional enrichment of overlapping genes. (J) Transcriptomic and proteomic Log2FC comparison of APOE44 vs APOE33 in KOLF iMG. Functional enrichment of overlapping genes. (K) Transcriptomic and proteomic Log2FC comparison of APOE44 vs APOE33 in UCI5 iMG. Functional enrichment of overlapping genes. (A, C) One way ANOVA, mean ± SEM. (H-K) Enrichment analyses of overlapping upregulated and downregulated proteins. Significance set to padj < 0.05. Created using Metascape . *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: To exclude the metabolic differences between genetically distinct individuals from the impact of the APOE44 genotype on metabolism, we converted isogenic APOE33 and APOE44 iPSCs (Jackson Laboratory, JIPSC001000, JIPSC001150) into iMG, as previously described ( ) .

Techniques: Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Two Tailed Test, Gene Expression, Functional Assay, Expressing, Comparison